Energy Efficient Clustering and Routing in Mobile Wireless Sensor Network

A critical need in Mobile Wireless Sensor Network (MWSN) is to achieve energy efficiency during routing as the sensor nodes have scarce energy resource. The nodes' mobility in MWSN poses a challenge to design an energy efficient routing protocol. Clustering helps to achieve energy efficiency by reducing the organization complexity overhead of the network which is proportional to the number of nodes in the network. This paper proposes a novel hybrid multipath routing algorithm with an efficient clustering technique. A node is selected as cluster head if it has high surplus energy, better transmission range and least mobility. The Energy Aware (EA) selection mechanism and the Maximal Nodal Surplus Energy estimation technique incorporated in this algorithm improves the energy performance during routing. Simulation results can show that the proposed clustering and routing algorithm can scale well in dynamic and energy deficient mobile sensor network.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figure

A Study on Sirakambavatham

The clinical trial on sirakambavatham was choosen as the dissertation work to extend help in making the world of difference in the life of the patients and their families.Various literatures regarding sirakambavatham was collected in both siddha and modern aspects. The efficacy of the drug Vishnu chakara mathirai (internal), Vatha kesari thylam (external) is well established in the literature. Totally 45 cases were selected out of which 25 cases are in-patient,20cases are treated as out patient. Regarding the sex 28 were male patients and the remaining 17 were female patients. The patients were subjected to routine modern investigations. Detailed history and thorough examination was carried out in accordance to the proforma. Siddha investigations regarding ennvagai thervu, neer kuri, neikurri, mannikadai nool was recorded to every individual case. Routine investigations such as blood TC, DC, ESR, Hb. Urine albumin, suger, deposits are performed in each case. The detailed chemical analysis of the trial drug is done in the biochemical laboratory iof Government siddha medical college, palayamkottai. The drug Vishnu chakara mathirai indicates the presence of calcium, ferrous iorn. According to the pharmacological study, the drug is found to have anti inflammatory, analgesic, anti pyretic, anti spasmodic, anti convulsant and muscle relaxant activity. Vatha kesari thylam is found to have acute anti inflammatory action. Regarding toxicity studies, the drug does not indicate any signs of toxicity at different doses. The drug Vishnu chakara mathirai was subjected for heavy metal analysis and thin layer chromatography in IITchennai and found to have the all the perameters within the range. Based on the clinical sinario, On the whole of 45 cases, satisfactory improvement is observed in 26 cases (57.7%). 8 cases were reported to have moderate improvement (17.7%). Remaining 11 cases had the poor prognosis (24.4%). Based on the clinical futures drooling of the saliva was controlled in 31 cases, general nutrition and immunity was improved in 36 cases.improvement in motor activity was observed in 35 cases, bowel and bladder was regularized in 16 cases. CONCLUSION: Sirakambavatham which is an equalent entity to cerebral palsy is the most distressfull condition to the world of the patients, parents and their surroundings. Vatham acts as the king governing all the vital functions of the body, It’s the humour that ows its importance to the creature of the life, next come the Pitham responsible for the existence of life, and Kabham brings the end to the life. When Vatham (king) the force of creation itself get deranged at birth,Pitham( mandhiri) and Kapham(senapathi) also get deranged which is reflected as sirakambavatham. The trial drug is aimed to normalize the Vatham, which inturn stebilises the decreased pitham and normalize the increased kapham thus bringing the three humors static. On the whole, treatment with the trial drugs both internal and external along with the external therapies such as sudation, oliation, thookanam along with varmam manipulations, fomentation, vasthi, physical exercises, breathing exercises, and simple yoga techniques, in addition to motivation of the parents to improve the verbal and non verbal communications with the child brought the world of difference with good improvement in 60% of the cases. Hence I conclude that the trial drug Vishnu chakara mathirai and Vatha kesari thylam along with external therapies is effective in treating sirakambavatham for helping the child to attain his potential and lead an independent life

Synthesis and characterization of Sn‑doped TiO2 flm for antibacterial applications

Simple sol–gel method has been exploited to deposit Sn-doped TiO2 thin flms on glass substrates. The resultant coatings were characterized by X-ray difraction (XRD), UV–visible techniques (UV–Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and photoluminescence analysis (PL). The XRD pattern reveals an increase in crystallite size of the prepared samples with the increasing doping concentration. A decrease in doping concentrating resulted in the decrease in bandgap values. The diferent chemical bonds on these flms were identifed from their FTIR spectra. The photoluminescence analysis shows an increase in the emission peak intensity with increasing dopant concentration, and this can be attributed to the efect created due to surface states. The prepared samples were tested as antibacterial agent toward both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria like S.aureus (Staphylococcus aureus) and E.coli (Escherichia coli), respectively. The size of the inhibition zones indicates that the sample shows maximum inhibitory property toward E.coli when compared to S.aureus

International Consensus Statement on Rhinology and Allergy: Rhinosinusitis

Background: The 5 years since the publication of the first International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Rhinosinusitis (ICAR‐RS) has witnessed foundational progress in our understanding and treatment of rhinologic disease. These advances are reflected within the more than 40 new topics covered within the ICAR‐RS‐2021 as well as updates to the original 140 topics. This executive summary consolidates the evidence‐based findings of the document. Methods: ICAR‐RS presents over 180 topics in the forms of evidence‐based reviews with recommendations (EBRRs), evidence‐based reviews, and literature reviews. The highest grade structured recommendations of the EBRR sections are summarized in this executive summary. Results: ICAR‐RS‐2021 covers 22 topics regarding the medical management of RS, which are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Additionally, 4 topics regarding the surgical management of RS are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Finally, a comprehensive evidence‐based management algorithm is provided. Conclusion: This ICAR‐RS‐2021 executive summary provides a compilation of the evidence‐based recommendations for medical and surgical treatment of the most common forms of RS

<span style="font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">Optimization of process parameters for α-amylase production under solid-state fermentation by A<i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">spergillus awamori</i> MTCC 9997</span>

286-289An alpha amylase producing fungal strain was isolated from spoiled food and identified as Aspergillus awamori. Production of extracellular α-amylase by <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Aspergillus awamori was studied in solid-state fermentation. Twelve different agro-residues such as wheat bran, maize bran, corn bran, millet bran, rice bran, green gram bran, black gram bran, cassava peel powder, cotton seed oil cake, coconut oil cake, sesame oil cake and groundnut oil cake were screened for α-amylase production using Aspergillus awamori MTCC 9997. Among them, cassava peel powder was found to be the best substrate for α-amylase production. The physical and chemical parameters that influence the production were optimized. Maximum α-amylase production was obtained at pH 6 after 96h of fermentation at 40°C. An inoculum level of 10% (volume per mass) was found to be optimum for α-amylase production. Among different carbon and nitrogen sources supplemented, starch and beef extract at 2% concentration enhanced α-amylase production considerably. Calcium chloride at a concentration of 0.8 % was found to stimulate α-amylase production